Batam is both an island, municipality, and largest city (on the island) in Riau Islands Province of Indonesia. As a part of the Sijori Growth Triangle, it is located 20 km (12 mi) off Singapore's south coast.

The Republic of Singapore, is a southeast Asian city-state off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, 137 kilometers (85 mi) north of the equator. An island country made up of 63 islands, it is separated from Malaysia by the Straits of Johor to its north and from Indonesia's Riau Islands by the Singapore Strait to its south.